Reflection

 Learning is a Path to a Bright Future

     Sometimes in life we ​​can't avoid making mistakes, so we need to reflect on them and we can learn from them. This quarter, I have many mistakes that I will admit that I have made; Just like not listening in class, the result of what I did was that I would not understand what we were going through. Another is not submitting assignments on time. This is something I have become accustomed to doing and I don't know why.

     As a student, I should learn everything I need to learn, because all of this can be used by us over time. We can also share what we have learned with other people that may have a good effect on them. Let's not always rely on others, let's learn to stand on our own two feet. Only we can change our lives, especially for our own good. Learning has no limits, but when we don't learn in life, it is no longer right.

     In conclusion, I need to avoid doing these from now on because I realize that all of them are wrong. From now on, I should do activities at the right time and listen and focus while the teacher is teaching.

References:

https://images.app.goo.gl/y6jiq9A4Uz9kWMRM6

https://images.app.goo.gl/XUjMyfze2ff2azuBA

https://images.app.goo.gl/3Y2rPPdUSqY78tun7

thematic output: quarter 2

" Strong Women, Strong World"

     Nowadays, countless acts of violence against women are unavoidable. Whether it's at work, school, business, or even at home. Violence Against Women (VAW) is a pervasive social problem not just in the Philippines but worldwide, affecting an estimated 1 in 3 women. Are the laws on the books not enough to protect women? Or do most people just not really care about them? The 2022 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) released by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reveals that nearly 1 out of 5 women have experienced emotional, physical, or sexual violence by their current or most recent husband or intimate partner. Today we will talk about laws related to violence against women. 

RA 8353 (The Anti-Rape Law of 1997)

    - An act expanding the definition of the crime of rape, reclassifying the same as a crime against persons, amending for the purpose act no. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the revised penal code, and for other purposes.

    - Article 266-A. Rape: When And How Committed. - Rape is committed:

1. By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:   

  a. Through force, threat, or intimidation; 

  b. When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; 

  c. By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority; and

  d. When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age or is demented, even though none of the circumstances mentioned above be present.  

2. By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1 hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into another person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person. Here are some of the important sentences for no. 2:

   - By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1 hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into another person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person.

   - When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, homicide is committed, the penalty shall be death.

   - The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of rape is committed with any of the following aggravating/qualifying circumstances.

     In conclusion, this R.A states the acts that are considered rape. There are many factors that aggravate the crime when a person is a victim of rape, especially women; If the victim is a minor and the offender is older than her, if the victim suffers from mental disability, and so on.

 

The next R.A also has something to do with VAW.

Republic Act 7877: The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

  - What is Sexual Harassment?

Under RA 7877, work, education, or training related sexual harassment is “committed by an employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher, instructor, professor, coach, trainer, or any person who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work or training or education environment, demands, requests or otherwise requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted or not by the object of said act.”

   - How is work-related sexual harassment committed?

Work-related Sexual Harassment is committed when:

1. The sexual favor is made as a condition in the hiring or in the employment, re-employment or continued employment of said individual, or in granting said individual favorable compensation, terms, conditions, promotions, or privileges; or refusal to grant the sexual favor results in limiting, segregating or classifying the employee which in any way would discriminate, deprive or diminish employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect said employee
2. The above acts would impair the employee’s rights or privileges under existing labor laws; or
3. The above acts would result in an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment for the employee.

   - How is education or training-related sexual harassment committed?

Education or Training-related Sexual Harassment is committed:

1. Against one who is under the care, custody or supervision of the offender;
2. Against one whose education, training, apprenticeship, or tutorship is entrusted to the offender;
3. When the sexual favor is made a condition to the giving of a passing grade, or granting of honors and scholarships, or the payment of a stipend, allowance or other benefits, privileges, or considerations; or
4. When the sexual advances result in an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment for the student, trainee or apprentice.

We need to be active in our communities because we do not know what will happen next. For women, we must value them and think about their welfare, not only within our homes but also in society. The issue of women's security is still a current issue facing our country. Let's work together to elevate the rights of women, we should all be equal because just because they are women, they cannot contribute well to the development of our country. Let's let women lead and rule our country, let's not continue what happened in the past. What is important now is the present, and that is the rights of women that they should receive.

References:

- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/2826

- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/282

- https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/GAD/Laws%20and%20Mandates/republic_act_8353.pdf

- https://images.app.goo.gl/kZSXJ9UvJJ9NeFeE7

- https://images.app.goo.gl/iXZJkLTwPoBo5fYs7

- https://images.app.goo.gl/DvkCK4mfP3c7Cy1h7

- https://images.app.goo.gl/7Hq99ycjGzjzCHKW9

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 Who is Elpidio Rivera Quirino?

Mr. Elpidio Quirino was a wise political leader and titled as the sixth president of the Republic of the Philippines he served the country for 6 years which started on November 8, 1949. Quirino’s six-year presidency was marked by notable post-war reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. It was in the realm of diplomacy where he excelled, impressing foreign heads of states and world statesmen from American, European and Asian countries.

  He was born on November 16, 1890 in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. He received his first schooling from his parents, Don Mariano Quirino and Gregoria Mendoza Rivera. Pidiong was his nickname. After moving to his Mother's home province, he enrolled in a private school to study the language English. as time went by, Elpidio transferred from school to another school, from elementary to high school. After obtaining a law degree from the University of the Philippines in 1915, he served as law clerk in the Philippine Commission, the upper chamber of the legislative set-up at that time. With the approval of the Jones Act in 1916, the Philippine Commission gave way to the Philippine Senate; he then transferred to the latter. The new Senate President Manuel Quezon made him his secretary.

He married Alicia Jimenez Syquia on 16 January 1921, in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 3 daughters. He immigrated to San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States in 1933 and lived in Manila, Tata, Guelmim-Es Smara, Morocco in 1956 and Philippines in 1956. In 1948, his occupation is listed as president of the Philippines in Philippines.

 Quirino’s six-year presidency was marked by notable post-war reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. It was in the realm of diplomacy where he excelled, impressing foreign heads of states and world statesmen from American, European and Asian countries. He negotiated various treaties and agreements with other nations as well as discussed common problems of peace and security in the Asian region. Moreover, His administration's major objectives included economic reconstruction -- focusing on mitigating the sufferings of indigent families, helping the farmers market their crops and save them from loan sharks, and strengthening the rural banking system of the Philippines to facilitate credit utilities in rural areas. It was during the Quirino administration when the country's Central Bank was established.

He died on 29 February 1956 by reason of heart attack, in Novaliches, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines, at the age of 65, and was buried in Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines.

References:

- https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LS6D-8J4/pres.-elpidio-rivera-quirino-1890-1956

- https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/734/today-in-philippine-history-november-8-1949-sitting-chief-executive-elpidio-quirino-was-elected-formally-as-president

- http://www.ovp.50webs.com/bio/quirino.htm

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elpidio-Quirino

- https://images.app.goo.gl/qcX2KpCUSFmqGy6v5

- https://images.app.goo.gl/V11D8q8KepMf3xtJ8

- https://images.app.goo.gl/hSfTusQrsZXJ8czi8

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Valuing, Nurturing, and Honoring Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Knowledge

   Here in Philippines, we celebrate the National Indigenous Peoples Month every October. It is celebrated to revive the culture that is being left behind and by our people. It provides information and awareness especially in this day and age, that some traditions and cultures of the Philippines are gradually being ignored. This celebration highlights and pays attention to the numerous Indigenous people in various parts of the country.

 

   The question is, how does this observance of the National Indigenous Peoples Month 2024 promotes and protect the rights and culture of the Indigenous People? 

  According to National Commission on Indigenous Peoples website, Through the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles(CADTs) are issued to formally recognize the rights of possession and ownership of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) over their ancestral domains as identified and delineated in accordance with this. With this, the importance of indigenous peoples can be voiced further profoundly. They are the generation that inherited our traditional customs and practices. Especially since we are an agricultural country, to this day we still practice the methods they taught us in food preservation. 

In conclusion, we must embrace and appreciate the importance that indigenous people have contributed to us. Because they taught us activities that can make our daily lives easier. And the lessons they have passed on, we will also pass on and inherit to the next generation so that we can maintain our traditional Philippine nation. Let's work together to awaken our countrymen to share how beneficial the influence of our ancestors is.

References:

- https://ncip.gov.ph/news/the-national-commission-on-indigenous-peoples-indigenous-peoples-cuisine-photo-exhibit/

- https://images.app.goo.gl/N7SbBMn9YTXkcgLK6

- https://images.app.goo.gl/bwjJn8SbGFMGpVDZ6